There is an interesting side issue on student debt as to whether the availability of government backed loans facilitated the rise of tuition. In my view, it’s a side issue as I think the underlying cause is fairly clear: there were market imperfections in regard to higher education (lack of scalabity in “elite” college space) that caused colleges to be able to raise prices far faster than the rate of inflation.
My own take on this issue is that that lack of scalability / inherent tendancy for college to become overpriced is baked pretty deep into the cake of our market-based higher education system, but that it can be offset by various generous public subsides for tuition, like many European countries do, and like some states in the US used to do with their state university/“land grant university” systems.
To me, the best solution here is increased public investment in public universities, specifically focused on bringing tuition back down to the levels it was prior to the insanity of price-surging beginning in the 1980s.
I also think a means-tested, capped, relatively low-level form of loan forgiveness might be a solid boost to the economy, without engendering too much insurmountable political pushback (I think a “full” loan forgiveness program is doomed to fail b/c American voters suck and we can’t have nice things.).
Lastly, I view this issue of tuition as part of the “3 Hs” of the American economy where our market based system is not producing the results we want: health care, higher education and home buying. In all 3, the costs of these items have gone up many times faster than inflation and even more times faster than median wage growth, over the last 30 to 50 years. In all 3 cases, there is some form of market imperfection (inelastic demand in health care, lack of scalability in higher education, zoning restrictions and geographic limitations in housing) that interfere with a healthy market process causing the market to be unable to deliver the results we want. In all 3 cases, I feel more government involvement is a partial solution (health care reform, tuition subsidies like I described, and for housing a massive rethink of zoning, transportation, infrastructure, etc.)
And to step out to this big picture, I think the best candidate by far on these 3 weak spots in our economy overall, is Warren. She has a plan, you know.