It’s not like American presidents have much history of good foreign policy to look to for inspiration, though. Outside of often vague and usually only partially successful attempts at securing free trade, American foreign policy consisted pretty much of the Monroe Doctrine (an Anglo-American declaration of what amounted to indirect control of the Western Hemisphere), and, um, well, that’s it, really. Even the Mexican War was a by-product of domestic policy much more than any consideration of what we would call foreign affairs.
With the Spanish-American War, though, we got hooked into the Pacific big time, and the ramp up of our trade with Asia, which had been present before but now really took off, we perforce had to deal with the rising sun folks, whose empire was kick-started by none other than the West’s forcible opening of Japan to the international economy.WWI was an aberration, with our intervention a product largely of European propaganda successes, Wilson’s sort of wonky idealism, and some other stuff sort of specific to the time. But until really 1940, when the Germans overran France, we didn’t start to actually define a foreign policy as such, and even then, Roosevelt had to navigate some difficult isolationist and Nazi-phile waters when it came to Europe.
Post WWII, the Cold War gave us a ready-made policy, oppose the commies. Containment, the Marshal Plan, and the Truman Doctrine were not really policies so much as programs or reactions to events, but they sort of served as the guideposts we operated under for the next half century. Once the Cold War ended, though, we were right back to square one. We had a vague sense of being committed to free trade (which usually meant “trade that benefits us”), an even vaguer sense of supporting “democracy” (a sense undercut severely by the Cold War and our embrace then of really nasty anti-communist regimes), and, well, not much else.
I would argue that Reagan effectively substituted a new militarism as our new foreign policy, or at least a big component of it, and that Bush Sr. refined that and fitted it in to a neo-liberal (or neo-conservative, the choice is yours) globalist vision that had very clear goals for a particular elite, but nothing at all suitable as policy guidance for the actual United States of America as a nation. Presidents since then simply went with the flow, even Clinton pretty much following the same script.
tl;dr, we don’t have a foreign policy, in the way it’s generally known, a set of principles that a country uses to guide its actions towards considered and well understood national goals. Instead, we have a lot of ideas used to sell actions that benefit the few to the bulk of the citizenry who are bought off with militarism, jingoism, feel-good bravado, and fear mongering.
In that climate, it’s amazing that Obama did as well as he did, even if he still didn’t do very well.