Yeah, it’s kind of frustrating, especially as they’ve changed things up this time without really explaining them properly (or at least the descriptions in game don’t seem to match the visuals or the yield output in some cases).
Lime should be done when the map tells you to, basically. It’s every three harvests, I believe. In FS 22 you have to do it before seeding, but I’m not sure if you can do it before eg mulching.
Edit: Just tested, doesn’t work on mulch, so it seems you need to plough/cultivate first.
Rolling, who knows at the moment. The game says to do it after seeding, and that seems to be the only way to get the yield bonus, but you only get the “seedbed” field state if you do it before seeding. You can also remove small rocks with rolling, but it’s buggy.
Fertilisation stages are mainly just a question of only being able to do one level per crop growth stage, though things like oilseed radish complicate that of course.