Got tired of managing my 100+ region Roman Republic (I had conquered all of Spain, Illyria, Dalmatia, and everything surrounding the Western Mediterranean) and decided to start over to try out some more theories. In the above, I had decided to stay at Republic for a long time, but I found that getting out of the mid-tier once you’ve gotten a certain size is really difficult.
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Provincial conquests only. The bonuses you get from provinces are so strong that I think it’s pretty much never warranted to do a “limited” war. Either take enough regions for the province, or don’t take anything. The infrastructure pooling allows you to smash out even expensive buildings at speed, and the food pooling means you don’t have famines.
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Aggressive specialization. I lay a building plan for each province, and pretty much don’t build anything that doesn’t fit the long-term plan for the province. In particular, this means careful placement of sheep, cattle, quarries, and wood sources. Depending on size, I build 2+ infrastructure regions, 1-2 agriculture, and the rest become hyper-specialized to commerce, culture or both. All provinces get 2000 historical culture though.
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Beeline for irrigation canals, for that sweet, sweet papyrus. I think I had my first papyrus source around turn 35 or so, and culture production shot through the roof. In general, I went early for Tier 3 buildings everywhere.
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Continual culture production to keep Rome in the top-tier. In addition, I would take my time with conquest - no need to rush into conquering regions (and thus accumulating extra decadence) unless absolutely necessary. The starting few turns were dodgy (as always), but by Turn 20+ or so, Rome was continually in the top-tier culturally.
Turn 45, Rome became an Empire (Italy, Sicily, Cisalpinus)
Turn 73, Glorious Empire (Italy, Sicily, Cisalpinus, Illuria, Sardes-Corsica) and I had started conquering Africa.
Turn 88, Golden Age. Lasts 12 turns. I used that as an excuse to invade the Spartans/Macedonians and conquer Grecia (and get my hand on those three World Wonders).
Compared to my last game, it was interesting to note just how much easier it is to keep an empire in the top-tier, than it is to move into the top-tier if you’ve first accumulated a lot of decadence. Calculating chances, I suspect I could probably have run Golden Ages every 20 or so turns.
Turn 103 - Gracia conquered, and almost ready to start a new Golden Age. I have 10 Consular Armies (my preferred configuration - 4 legions, 4 skirmishers, 4 cavalry and 4 alae/italian infantry/elephants) running around - at 100+ strength, each one can almost handle any enemy force on their own unless badly outnumbered. So, pretty much unstoppable at this point.
Would probably have won the game already at this point, except that Persia has gone rampant over in the east, and is bringing in ~50 legacy points per turn - enough that it’ll probably take me a while to triple their score. I’m comfortable triple the third-placed empire, so rather annoying - they’re far enough away that I’d have to fight through 5-6 empires to get to them, so not much I can do other than ramp up that legacy production.
Pretty much confirmed my theories, though - at least for playing Rome.